hard
[hɑ:d]
a. 坚硬, 硬, , 苦, , 坚固, 猛烈, , , 确

ad. 坚硬, 努, 辛苦, 接, 猛烈, 牢固

[] 稳, 刻

1. It's hard to know what he's really thinking.
   很道真正想什。
2. That was a hard time.
   那段日。
3. They work very hard.
   非常努。

hard
harder, hardest
[ adj ]

1. not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

<adj.all>
a difficult task
nesting places on the cliffs are difficult of access
difficult times
why is it so hard for you to keep a secret?

2. dispassionate

<adj.all>
took a hard look
a hard bargainer

3. resisting weight or pressure

<adj.all>

4. produced without vibration of the vocal cords

<adj.all>
unvoiced consonants such as `p' and `k' and `s'

5. (of light) transmitted directly from a pointed light source

<adj.all>

6. (of speech sounds); produced with the back of the tongue raised toward or touching the velum

<adj.all>
Russian distinguished between hard consonants and palatalized or soft consonants

[ adv ]

1. with effort or force or vigor

<adv.all>
the team played hard
worked hard all day
pressed hard on the lever
hit the ball hard
slammed the door hard

2. with firmness

<adv.all>
held hard to the railing

3. earnestly or intently

<adv.all>
thought hard about it
stared hard at the accused

4. causing great damage or hardship

<adv.all>
industries hit hard by the depression
she was severely affected by the bank's failure

5. slowly and with difficulty

<adv.all>
prejudices die hard

6. indulging excessively

<adv.all>
he drank heavily

7. into a solid condition

<adv.all>
concrete that sets hard within a few hours

8. very near or close in space or time

<adv.all>
it stands hard by the railroad tracks
they were hard on his heels
a strike followed hard upon the plant's opening

9. with pain or distress or bitterness

<adv.all>
he took the rejection very hard

10. to the full extent possible; all the way

<adv.all>
hard alee
the ship went hard astern
swung the wheel hard left

[ adj ]

1. very strong or vigorous

<adj.all>
strong winds
a hard left to the chin
a knockout punch
a severe blow

2. characterized by effort to the point of exhaustion; especially physical effort

<adj.all>
worked their arduous way up the mining valley
a grueling campaign
hard labor
heavy work
heavy going
spent many laborious hours on the project
set a punishing pace

3. given to excessive indulgence of bodily appetites especially for intoxicating liquors

<adj.all>
a hard drinker

4. being distilled rather than fermented; having a high alcoholic content

<adj.all>
hard liquor

5. unfortunate or hard to bear

<adj.all>
had hard luck
a tough break

6. dried out

<adj.all>
hard dry rolls left over from the day before

Hard \Hard\ (h[aum]rd), a. [Compar. {Harder} (-[~e]r); superl.
{Hardest}.] [OE. hard, heard, AS. heard; akin to OS. & D.
hard, G. hart, OHG. herti, harti, Icel. har[eth]r, Dan.
haard, Sw. h[*a]rd, Goth. hardus, Gr. kraty`s strong,
ka`rtos, kra`tos, strength, and also to E. -ard, as in
coward, drunkard, -crat, -cracy in autocrat, democracy; cf.
Skr. kratu strength, k[.r] to do, make. Cf. {Hardy}.]
1. Not easily penetrated, cut, or separated into parts; not
yielding to pressure; firm; solid; compact; -- applied to
material bodies, and opposed to {soft}; as, hard wood;
hard flesh; a hard apple.

2. Difficult, mentally or judicially; not easily apprehended,
decided, or resolved; as a hard problem.

The hard causes they brought unto Moses. --Ex.
xviii. 26.

In which are some things hard to be understood. --2
Peter iii. 16.

3. Difficult to accomplish; full of obstacles; laborious;
fatiguing; arduous; as, a hard task; a disease hard to
cure.

4. Difficult to resist or control; powerful.

The stag was too hard for the horse. --L'Estrange.

A power which will be always too hard for them.
--Addison.

5. Difficult to bear or endure; not easy to put up with or
consent to; hence, severe; rigorous; oppressive;
distressing; unjust; grasping; as, a hard lot; hard times;
hard fare; a hard winter; hard conditions or terms.

I never could drive a hard bargain. --Burke.

6. Difficult to please or influence; stern; unyielding;
obdurate; unsympathetic; unfeeling; cruel; as, a hard
master; a hard heart; hard words; a hard character.

7. Not easy or agreeable to the taste; harsh; stiff; rigid;
ungraceful; repelling; as, a hard style.

Figures harder than even the marble itself.
--Dryden.

8. Rough; acid; sour, as liquors; as, hard cider.

9. (Pron.) Abrupt or explosive in utterance; not aspirated,
sibilated, or pronounced with a gradual change of the
organs from one position to another; -- said of certain
consonants, as c in came, and g in go, as distinguished
from the same letters in center, general, etc.

10. Wanting softness or smoothness of utterance; harsh; as, a
hard tone.

11. (Painting)
(a) Rigid in the drawing or distribution of the figures;
formal; lacking grace of composition.
(b) Having disagreeable and abrupt contrasts in the
coloring or light and shade.

{Hard cancer}, {Hard case}, etc. See under {Cancer}, {Case},
etc.

{Hard clam}, or {Hard-shelled clam} (Zo["o]l.), the quahog.


{Hard coal}, anthracite, as distinguished from {bituminous
coal} ({soft coal}).

{Hard and fast}. (Naut.) See under {Fast}.

{Hard finish} (Arch.), a smooth finishing coat of hard fine
plaster applied to the surface of rough plastering.

{Hard lines}, hardship; difficult conditions.

{Hard money}, coin or specie, as distinguished from paper
money.

{Hard oyster} (Zo["o]l.), the northern native oyster. [Local,
U. S.]

{Hard pan}, the hard stratum of earth lying beneath the soil;
hence, figuratively, the firm, substantial, fundamental
part or quality of anything; as, the hard pan of
character, of a matter in dispute, etc. See {Pan}.

{Hard rubber}. See under {Rubber}.

{Hard solder}. See under {Solder}.

{Hard water}, water, which contains lime or some mineral
substance rendering it unfit for washing. See {Hardness},
3.

{Hard wood}, wood of a solid or hard texture; as walnut, oak,
ash, box, and the like, in distinction from pine, poplar,
hemlock, etc.

{In hard condition}, in excellent condition for racing;
having firm muscles; -- said of race horses.

Syn: Solid; arduous; powerful; trying; unyielding; stubborn;
stern; flinty; unfeeling; harsh; difficult; severe;
obdurate; rigid. See {Solid}, and {Arduous}.


Hard \Hard\, adv. [OE. harde, AS. hearde.]
1. With pressure; with urgency; hence, diligently; earnestly.

And prayed so hard for mercy from the prince.
--Dryden.

My father
Is hard at study; pray now, rest yourself. --Shak.

2. With difficulty; as, the vehicle moves hard.

3. Uneasily; vexatiously; slowly. --Shak.

4. So as to raise difficulties. ``The question is hard set.''
--Sir T. Browne.

5. With tension or strain of the powers; violently; with
force; tempestuously; vehemently; vigorously;
energetically; as, to press, to blow, to rain hard; hence,
rapidly; nimbly; as, to run hard.

6. Close or near.

Whose house joined hard to the synagogue. --Acts
xviii. 7.

{Hard by}, {near by}; close at hand; not far off. ``Hard by a
cottage chimney smokes.'' --Milton.

{Hard pushed}, {Hard run}, greatly pressed; as, he was hard
pushed or hard run for time, money, etc. [Colloq.]

{Hard up}, closely pressed by want or necessity; without
money or resources; as, hard up for amusements. [Slang]

Note: Hard in nautical language is often joined to words of
command to the helmsman, denoting that the order should
be carried out with the utmost energy, or that the helm
should be put, in the direction indicated, to the
extreme limit, as, Hard aport! Hard astarboard! Hard
alee! Hard aweather! Hard up!
Hard is also often used in composition with a
participle; as, hard-baked; hard-earned; hard-featured;
hard-working; hard-won.


Hard \Hard\ (h[aum]rd), v. t.
To harden; to make hard. [Obs.] --Chaucer.


Hard \Hard\, n.
A ford or passage across a river or swamp.