running
['rʌniŋ]
n. 赛跑, 流, 运转

a. 流动, 跑着, 连续

[] 流动, 连续, 接连



running
[ noun ]

1. (American football) a play in which a player attempts to carry the ball through or past the opposing team

<noun.act>
the defensive line braced to stop the run
the coach put great emphasis on running

2. the act of running; traveling on foot at a fast pace

<noun.act>
he broke into a run
his daily run keeps him fit

3. the state of being in operation

<noun.state>
the engine is running smoothly

4. the act of administering or being in charge of something

<noun.act>
he has responsibility for the running of two companies at the same time

5. the act of participating in an athletic competition involving running on a track

<noun.act>

[ adj ]

1. (of fluids) moving or issuing in a stream

<adj.all>
as mountain stream with freely running water
hovels without running water

2. of advancing the ball by running

<adj.all>
the team's running plays worked better than its pass plays

3. executed or initiated by running

<adj.all>
running plays worked better than pass plays
took a running jump
a running start

4. continually repeated over a period of time

<adj.all>
a running joke among us

5. measured lengthwise

<adj.all>
cost of lumber per running foot

6. (of e.g. a machine) performing or capable of performing

<adj.all>
in running (or working) order
a functional set of brakes

Run \Run\, v. i. [imp. {Ran}or {Run}; p. p. {Run}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Running}.] [OE. rinnen, rennen (imp. ran, p. p. runnen,
ronnen). AS. rinnan to flow (imp. ran, p. p. gerunnen), and
iernan, irnan, to run (imp. orn, arn, earn, p. p. urnen);
akin to D. runnen, rennen, OS. & OHG. rinnan, G. rinnen,
rennen, Icel. renna, rinna, Sw. rinna, r["a]nna, Dan. rinde,
rende, Goth. rinnan, and perh. to L. oriri to rise, Gr. ? to
stir up, rouse, Skr. ? (cf. {Origin}), or perh. to L. rivus
brook (cf. {Rival}). [root]11. Cf. {Ember}, a., {Rennet}.]
1. To move, proceed, advance, pass, go, come, etc., swiftly,
smoothly, or with quick action; -- said of things animate
or inanimate. Hence, to flow, glide, or roll onward, as a
stream, a snake, a wagon, etc.; to move by quicker action
than in walking, as a person, a horse, a dog.
Specifically:

2. Of voluntary or personal action:
(a) To go swiftly; to pass at a swift pace; to hasten.

``Ha, ha, the fox!'' and after him they ran.
--Chaucer.
(b) To flee, as from fear or danger.

As from a bear a man would run for life. --Shak.
(c) To steal off; to depart secretly.
(d) To contend in a race; hence, to enter into a contest;
to become a candidate; as, to run for Congress.

Know ye not that they which run in a race run
all, but one receiveth the prize? So run, that
ye may obtain. --1 Cor. ix.
24.
(e) To pass from one state or condition to another; to
come into a certain condition; -- often with in or
into; as, to run into evil practices; to run in debt.

Have I not cause to rave and beat my breast, to
rend my heart with grief and run distracted?
--Addison.
(f) To exert continuous activity; to proceed; as, to run
through life; to run in a circle.
(g) To pass or go quickly in thought or conversation; as,
to run from one subject to another.

Virgil, in his first Georgic, has run into a set
of precepts foreign to his subject. --Addison.
(h) To discuss; to continue to think or speak about
something; -- with on.
(i) To make numerous drafts or demands for payment, as
upon a bank; -- with on.
(j) To creep, as serpents.

3. Of involuntary motion:
(a) To flow, as a liquid; to ascend or descend; to course;
as, rivers run to the sea; sap runs up in the spring;
her blood ran cold.
(b) To proceed along a surface; to extend; to spread.

The fire ran along upon the ground. --Ex. ix.
23.
(c) To become fluid; to melt; to fuse.

As wax dissolves, as ice begins to run.
--Addison.

Sussex iron ores run freely in the fire.
--Woodward.
(d) To turn, as a wheel; to revolve on an axis or pivot;
as, a wheel runs swiftly round.
(e) To travel; to make progress; to be moved by mechanical
means; to go; as, the steamboat runs regularly to
Albany; the train runs to Chicago.
(f) To extend; to reach; as, the road runs from
Philadelphia to New York; the memory of man runneth
not to the contrary.

She saw with joy the line immortal run,
Each sire impressed, and glaring in his son.
--Pope.
(g) To go back and forth from place to place; to ply; as,
the stage runs between the hotel and the station.
(h) To make progress; to proceed; to pass.

As fast as our time runs, we should be very glad
in most part of our lives that it ran much
faster. --Addison.
(i) To continue in operation; to be kept in action or
motion; as, this engine runs night and day; the mill
runs six days in the week.

When we desire anything, our minds run wholly on
the good circumstances of it; when it is
obtained, our minds run wholly on the bad ones.
--Swift.
(j) To have a course or direction; as, a line runs east
and west.

Where the generally allowed practice runs
counter to it. --Locke.

Little is the wisdom, where the flight
So runs against all reason. --Shak.
(k) To be in form thus, as a combination of words.

The king's ordinary style runneth, ``Our
sovereign lord the king.'' --Bp.
Sanderson.
(l) To be popularly known; to be generally received.

Men gave them their own names, by which they run
a great while in Rome. --Sir W.
Temple.

Neither was he ignorant what report ran of
himself. --Knolles.
(m) To have growth or development; as, boys and girls run
up rapidly.

If the richness of the ground cause turnips to
run to leaves. --Mortimer.
(n) To tend, as to an effect or consequence; to incline.

A man's nature runs either to herbs or weeds.
--Bacon.

Temperate climates run into moderate
governments. --Swift.
(o) To spread and blend together; to unite; as, colors run
in washing.

In the middle of a rainbow the colors are . . .
distinguished, but near the borders they run
into one another. --I. Watts.
(p) To have a legal course; to be attached; to continue in
force, effect, or operation; to follow; to go in
company; as, certain covenants run with the land.

Customs run only upon our goods imported or
exported, and that but once for all; whereas
interest runs as well upon our ships as goods,
and must be yearly paid. --Sir J.
Child.
(q) To continue without falling due; to hold good; as, a
note has thirty days to run.
(r) To discharge pus or other matter; as, an ulcer runs.
(s) To be played on the stage a number of successive days
or nights; as, the piece ran for six months.
(t) (Naut.) To sail before the wind, in distinction from
reaching or sailing closehauled; -- said of vessels.

4. Specifically, of a horse: To move rapidly in a gait in
which each leg acts in turn as a propeller and a
supporter, and in which for an instant all the limbs are
gathered in the air under the body. --Stillman (The Horse
in Motion).

5. (Athletics) To move rapidly by springing steps so that
there is an instant in each step when neither foot touches
the ground; -- so distinguished from walking in athletic
competition.

{As things run}, according to the usual order, conditions,
quality, etc.; on the average; without selection or
specification.

{To let run} (Naut.), to allow to pass or move freely; to
slacken or loosen.

{To run after}, to pursue or follow; to search for; to
endeavor to find or obtain; as, to run after similes.
--Locke.

{To run away}, to flee; to escape; to elope; to run without
control or guidance.

{To run away with}.
(a) To convey away hurriedly; to accompany in escape or
elopement.
(b) To drag rapidly and with violence; as, a horse runs
away with a carriage.

{To run down}.
(a) To cease to work or operate on account of the
exhaustion of the motive power; -- said of clocks,
watches, etc.
(b) To decline in condition; as, to run down in health.

{To run down a coast}, to sail along it.

{To run for an office}, to stand as a candidate for an
office.

{To run in} or {To run into}.
(a) To enter; to step in.
(b) To come in collision with.

{To run into} To meet, by chance; as, I ran into my brother
at the grocery store.

{To run in trust}, to run in debt; to get credit. [Obs.]

{To run in with}.
(a) To close; to comply; to agree with. [R.] --T. Baker.
(b) (Naut.) To make toward; to near; to sail close to; as,
to run in with the land.

{To run mad}, {To run mad after} or {To run mad on}. See
under {Mad}.

{To run on}.
(a) To be continued; as, their accounts had run on for a
year or two without a settlement.
(b) To talk incessantly.
(c) To continue a course.
(d) To press with jokes or ridicule; to abuse with
sarcasm; to bear hard on.
(e) (Print.) To be continued in the same lines, without
making a break or beginning a new paragraph.

{To run out}.
(a) To come to an end; to expire; as, the lease runs out
at Michaelmas.
(b) To extend; to spread. ``Insectile animals . . . run
all out into legs.'' --Hammond.
(c) To expatiate; as, to run out into beautiful
digressions.
(d) To be wasted or exhausted; to become poor; to become
extinct; as, an estate managed without economy will
soon run out.

And had her stock been less, no doubt
She must have long ago run out. --Dryden.

{To run over}.
(a) To overflow; as, a cup runs over, or the liquor runs
over.
(b) To go over, examine, or rehearse cursorily.
(c) To ride or drive over; as, to run over a child.

{To run riot}, to go to excess.

{To run through}.
(a) To go through hastily; as to run through a book.
(b) To spend wastefully; as, to run through an estate.

{To run to seed}, to expend or exhaust vitality in producing
seed, as a plant; figuratively and colloquially, to cease
growing; to lose vital force, as the body or mind.

{To run up}, to rise; to swell; to grow; to increase; as,
accounts of goods credited run up very fast.

But these, having been untrimmed for many years, had
run up into great bushes, or rather dwarf trees.
--Sir W.
Scott.

{To run with}.
(a) To be drenched with, so that streams flow; as, the
streets ran with blood.
(b) To flow while charged with some foreign substance.
``Its rivers ran with gold.'' --J. H. Newman.


Running \Run"ning\, n.
The act of one who, or of that which runs; as, the running
was slow.

2. That which runs or flows; the quantity of a liquid which
flows in a certain time or during a certain operation; as,
the first running of a still.

3. The discharge from an ulcer or other sore.

{At long running}, in the long run. [Obs.] --Jer. Taylor.


Running \Run"ning\, a.
1. Moving or advancing by running. Specifically, of a horse:
(a) Having a running gait; not a trotter or pacer.
(b) trained and kept for running races; as, a running
horse. --Law.

2. Successive; one following the other without break or
intervention; -- said of periods of time; as, to be away
two days running; to sow land two years running.

3. Flowing; easy; cursive; as, a running hand.

4. Continuous; keeping along step by step; as, he stated the
facts with a running explanation. ``A running conquest.''
--Milton.

What are art and science if not a running commentary
on Nature? --Hare.

5. (Bot.) Extending by a slender climbing or trailing stem;
as, a running vine.

6. (Med.) Discharging pus; as, a running sore.

{Running block} (Mech.), a block in an arrangement of pulleys
which rises or sinks with the weight which is raised or
lowered.

{Running board}, a narrow platform extending along the side
of a locomotive.