scratch
[skrætʃ]
n. 抓痕, 搔, 抓, 擦伤, 刮擦声, 乱写, 零, 起跑

vt. 搔, 抓, 挖, 擦, 刮, 乱涂, 勾抹掉

vi. 搔, 抓, 刮擦声, 勉糊口

a. 碰巧, 凑合, 草稿

[] 擦除

[] 标; 刻; 擦痕; 擦伤; 刮痕

[医] 抓伤, 抓破



scratch
[ noun ]

1. an abraded area where the skin is torn or worn off

<noun.state>

2. a depression scratched or carved into a surface

<noun.shape>

3. informal terms for money

<noun.possession>

4. a competitor who has withdrawn from competition

<noun.person>

5. a line indicating the location of the start of a race or a game

<noun.location>

6. dry mash for poultry

<noun.food>

7. a harsh noise made by scraping

<noun.event>
the scrape of violin bows distracted her

8. poor handwriting

<noun.communication>

9. (golf) a handicap of zero strokes

<noun.attribute>
a golfer who plays at scratch should be able to achieve par on a course

10. an indication of damage

<noun.attribute>

[ verb ]

1. cause friction

<verb.contact> chafe fray fret rub
my sweater scratches

2. cut the surface of; wear away the surface of

<verb.contact> scrape scratch up

3. scrape or rub as if to relieve itching

<verb.perception> itch rub
Don't scratch your insect bites!

4. postpone indefinitely or annul something that was scheduled

<verb.social> call off cancel scrub
Call off the engagement
cancel the dinner party
we had to scrub our vacation plans
scratch that meeting--the chair is ill

5. remove by erasing or crossing out or as if by drawing a line

<verb.contact> excise expunge strike
Please strike this remark from the record
scratch that remark

6. gather (money or other resources) together over time

<verb.contact> come up scrape scrape up
She had scraped together enough money for college
they scratched a meager living

7. carve, cut, or etch into a material or surface

<verb.contact> engrave grave inscribe
engrave a pen
engraved the trophy cupt with the winner's
the lovers scratched their names into the bark of the tree

Scratch \Scratch\, v. i.
1. To use the claws or nails in tearing or in digging; to
make scratches.

Dull, tame things, . . . that will neither bite nor
scratch. --Dr. H. More.

2. (Billiards) To score, not by skillful play but by some
fortunate chance of the game. [Cant, U. S.]


Scratch \Scratch\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Scratched}; p. pr. & vb.
n. {Scratching}.] [OE. cracchen (perhaps influenced by OE.
scratten to scratch); cf. OHG. chrazz[=o]n, G. kratzen, OD.
kratsen, kretsen, D. krassen, Sw. kratsa to scrape, kratta to
rake, to scratch, Dan. kradse to scratch, to scrape, Icel.
krota to engrave. Cf. {Grate} to rub.]
1. To rub and tear or mark the surface of with something
sharp or ragged; to scrape, roughen, or wound slightly by
drawing something pointed or rough across, as the claws,
the nails, a pin, or the like.

Small sand-colored stones, so hard as to scratch
glass. --Grew.

Be mindful, when invention fails,
To scratch your head, and bite your nails. --Swift.

2. To write or draw hastily or awkwardly. ``Scratch out a
pamphlet.'' --Swift.

3. To cancel by drawing one or more lines through, as the
name of a candidate upon a ballot, or of a horse in a
list; hence, to erase; to efface; -- often with out.

4. To dig or excavate with the claws; as, some animals
scratch holes, in which they burrow.

{To scratch a ticket}, to cancel one or more names of
candidates on a party ballot; to refuse to vote the party
ticket in its entirety. [U. S.]


Scratch \Scratch\, n.
1. A break in the surface of a thing made by scratching, or
by rubbing with anything pointed or rough; a slight wound,
mark, furrow, or incision.

The coarse file . . . makes deep scratches in the
work. --Moxon.

These nails with scratches deform my breast.
--Prior.

God forbid a shallow scratch should drive
The prince of Wales from such a field as this.
--Shak.

2. (Pugilistic Matches) A line across the prize ring; up to
which boxers are brought when they join fight; hence,
test, trial, or proof of courage; as, to bring to the
scratch; to come up to the scratch. [Cant] --Grose.

3. pl. (Far.) Minute, but tender and troublesome,
excoriations, covered with scabs, upon the heels of horses
which have been used where it is very wet or muddy. --Law
(Farmer's Veter. Adviser).

4. A kind of wig covering only a portion of the head.

5. (Billiards)
(a) A shot which scores by chance and not as intended by
the player; a fluke. [Cant, U. S.]
(b) a shot which results in a penalty, such as dropping
the cue ball in a pocket without hitting another ball.
[1913 Webster +PJC]

6. In various sports, the line from which the start is made,
except in the case of contestants receiving a distance
handicap.
[Webster 1913 Suppl.]

{Scratch cradle}. See {Cratch cradle}, under {Cratch}.

{Scratch grass} (Bot.), a climbing knotweed ({Polygonum
sagittatum}) with a square stem beset with fine recurved
prickles along the angles.

{Scratch wig}. Same as {Scratch}, 4, above. --Thackeray.

{start from scratch} to start (again) from the very
beginning; also, to start without resources.


Scratch \Scratch\, a.
Made, done, or happening by chance; arranged with little or
no preparation; determined by circumstances; haphazard; as, a
scratch team; a scratch crew for a boat race; a scratch shot
in billiards. [Slang]

{Scratch race}, one without restrictions regarding the
entrance of competitors; also, one for which the
competitors are chosen by lot.